Learning Flavors of Unix and Command-line

UNIX is an operating system around in the 60s and broadly refers to a set of programs that all work the same way at the command-line.  They have the same feel. They have the same philosophy of design.  Ok, its a specific operating system owned by AT&T, however, these days it refers to a program that all follow a common framework. There are many types of Unix – MacOSX, Linux, and Solaris where each of those is essentially different sets of codes owned by different companies or groups to get the common Unix common framework.  MacOSX is owned and developed by Apple.  Solaris is owned by Sun and Oracle.  Linux is open-source and built from a community led by Linus Torvalds, and was meant to work on x86 PCs.  The x86 refers to a type of CPU architecture used across most personal computers today (both Mac and PC).   If I log into a Unix machine in 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010, 2017 – it will often feel and work the same.

R

R is a scripting language enabled and expanded by RStudio. There is the base environment and the R-Studio environment which enables a graphical user interface (GUI) for editing and building reproducible analysis.